🟢 First Years — First Semester
- Definite articles (le, la, les)
- Indefinite articles (un, une, des)
- Partitive articles (du, de la, des)
- Gender of nouns
- Singular and plural nouns
- Subject pronouns (je, tu, il…)
- Être / Avoir – present tense
- Basic regular -er verbs
- Present Indicative
- Negative sentences (ne… pas)
- Interrogatives (est-ce que, qu’est-ce que…)
- Possessive adjectives (mon, ma, mes…)
- Demonstrative adjectives (ce, cette…)
- Adjectives – agreement and placement
- Numbers and counting
- Prepositions of place (dans, sur, sous…)
- Basic time expressions (heure, jours…)
- Reflexive verbs – present tense
- Common irregular verbs (aller, faire, venir)
- Near future (futur proche)
- Recent past (passé récent)
- Immediate past with venir de
- Imperative mood – regular verbs
- Question formation
- Common adverbs (bien, mal, vite…)
- C’est vs Il/Elle est
- Days, months, and dates
- Talking about weather
- Expressions with avoir (avoir faim, avoir peur…)
- Basic conjunctions (et, mais, parce que…)
🟡 First Years — Second Semester
- Passé composé with avoir
- Passé composé with être
- Agreement in passé composé
- Imparfait – formation and usage
- Difference between passé composé and imparfait
- Object pronouns (le, la, les, lui, leur…)
- Y and En pronouns
- Relative pronouns (qui, que, dont…)
- Direct and indirect speech (present tense)
- Comparatives and superlatives
- Adjective formation from nouns
- Placement of adverbs
- Future simple tense
🔵 Second Years — First Semester
- Conditional present
- Si clauses (type 1)
- Subjunctive – present tense (basic use)
- Interrogative pronouns (lequel, lequel de…)
- Gerund (en + present participle)
- Passive voice (present and past)
- Double negation (ne… jamais, ne… plus…)
- Expression of necessity (il faut, devoir…)
- Expression of possibility (pouvoir, il est possible que…)
- Demonstrative pronouns (celui, celle…)
- Indefinite pronouns (quelqu’un, quelque chose…)
- Expressions with faire
- Verbs followed by à or de
- Agreement of adjectives with multiple nouns
- Temporal prepositions (depuis, pendant, il y a…)
- Expressions with être (être en train de, être sur le point de…)
- Use of tout (adjective, pronoun, adverb)
🟣 Second Years — Second Semester
- Plus-que-parfait
- Past conditional
- Future perfect (futur antérieur)
- Subjunctive – advanced uses
- Past subjunctive
- Si clauses (type 2 and 3)
- Inversion in complex questions
- Agreement with past participles
- Indirect speech (past tenses)
- Complex passive constructions
- Verb + infinitive constructions
- Subtle negation forms (ne… que, ne… aucun…)
- Idiomatic expressions (avoir beau, n’en pouvoir plus…)
- Emphatic constructions (c’est… que / c’est… qui…)
- Use of the infinitive after prepositions
- Nominalization (making nouns from verbs)
- Concessive clauses (bien que, même si…)
- Cause and consequence structures (puisque, à cause de…)
- Temporal connectors (lorsque, tandis que…)
- Reported commands and requests
- Concordance des temps (tense agreement)
- Stylistic use of passé simple
- Use of literary tenses
- Formal vs informal register
- Double object pronoun placement
- Coordination and subordination
- Idiomatic verb constructions
- Advanced comparative structures
- Expressions of doubt and emotion with the subjunctive
- Ellipsis and omission in spoken French
- Word order in literary texts
- Politeness strategies in grammar
